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Evolution Links
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Chapter 1 - Before Darwin
Western science has been significantly influenced by intellectual considerations of classic Greece. Other influences have also been important, of course, but the philosophies of Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato are of special interest. Follow the links within "Pre-Socratic Philosophy" for an introduction to these great heritages.
The late 18th and early 19th centuries were important times when geology established that Earth was a very old planet. Much of the discussion centered around differing views of Abraham Gottlob Werner (Germany) and James Hutton (Scotland). Charles Lyell, considered to be the father of modern geology, discusses Werner, Hutton, and their contemporaries in Chapter IV of his book, Principles of Geology.
James Hutton presented a theory of the history and age of the earth in 1785. This established geology's emphasis upon "uniformitarianism." Read a portion of Hutton's paper delivered to the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
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