Chapter 1     The Quest Ahead
1.1 The View from Earth
1.2 The Celestial Sphere
1.3 The Sun's Motion Across the Sky
1.4 The Moon's Phases
1.5 Lunar Eclipses
1.6 Solar Eclipses
1.7 Observations of Planetary Motion
1.8 Rotations
1.9 Units of Distance in Astronomy
1.10 The Scale of the Universe
1.11 Astronomy Today
Conclusion

Chapter 2     From an Earth-Centered to a Sun-Centered System
2.1 Science and Its Ways of Knowing
2.2 From an Earth-Centered to a Sun-Centered System
2.3 The Greek Geocentric Model
2.4 Aristarchus's Heliocentric Model
2.5 The Marriage of Aristotle and Christianity
2.6 Nicolaus Copernicus and the Heliocentric Model
2.7 Comparing the Two Models
2.8 Tycho Brahe: The Importance of Accurate Observations
2.9 Johannes Kepler and the Laws of Planetary Motion
2.10 Kepler's Contribution
Conclusion

Chapter 3     Gravity and the Rise of Modern Astronomy
3.1 Galileo Galilei and the Telescope
3.2 Isaac Newton's Grand Synthesis
3.3 Motion in a Circle
3.4 The Law of Universal Gravitation
3.5 Newton's Laws and Kepler's Laws
3.6 Orbits and the Center of Mass
3.7 Beyond Newton
3.8 General Theory of Relativity
3.9 Gravitation and Einstein
Conclusion

Chapter 4     Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
4.1 The Kelvin Temperature Scale
4.2 The Wave Nature of Light
4.3 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
4.4 The Colors of Planets and Stars
4.5 Types of Spectra
4.6 The Bohr Model of the Atom
4.7 The Doppler Effect
4.8 The Inverse Square Law of Radiation
Conclusion

Chapter 5     Telescopes: Windows to the Universe
5.1 Refraction and Image Formation
5.2 The Refracting Telescope
5.3 The Powers of a Telescope
5.4 The Reflecting Telescope
5.5 Radio Telescopes
5.6 Interferometry
5.7 Detecting Other Electromagnetic Radiation
Conclusion

Chapter 6     The Earth-Moon System
6.1 Measuring the Moon's Distance and Size
6.2 The Tides
6.3 Earth
6.4 The Moon's Surface
6.5 Theories of the Origin of the Moon
6.6 The History of the Moon
Conclusion

Chapter 7     A Planetary Overview
7.1 Sizes and Distance in the Solar System
7.2 Measuring Mass and Average Density
7.3 Planetary Motions
7.4 Classifying the Planets
7.5 Planetary Atmospheres
7.6 The Formation of the Solar System
7.7 Planetary Systems Around Other Stars
Conclusion

Chapter 8     The Terrestrial Planets
8.1 Mercury
8.2 Venus
8.3 Mars
8.4 Why Explore?
Conclusion

Chapter 9     The Jovian Planets
9.1 Jupiter
9.2 Saturn
9.3 Uranus
9.4 Neptune
Conclusion

Chapter 10     Pluto and Solar System Debris
10.1 Pluto
10.2 Solar System Debris
10.3 Asteroids
10.4 Comets
10.5 The Oort Cloud and the Kuiper Belt
10.6 Meteors and Meteor Showers
10.7 Meteorites and Craters
10.8 The Importance of the Solar System Debris
Conclusion

Chapter 11     The Sun
11.1 Solar Properties
11.2 Solar Energy
11.3 The Sun's Interior
11.4 Helioseismology
11.5 The Solar Atmosphere
11.6 Sunspots and the Solar Activity Cycle
Conclusion

Chapter 12     Measuring the Properties of Stars
12.1 Stellar Luminosity
12.2 Measuring Distance to Stars
12.3 Motion of Stars
12.4 Spectral Types
12.5 Multiple Star Systems
12.6 Stellar Masses and Sizes From Binary Star Data
12.7 The Mass-Luminosity Relationship
12.8 Cepheid Variables as Distance Indicators
Conclusion

Chapter 13     Interstellar Matter and Star Formation
13.1 Interstellar Medium
13.2 A Brief Woodland Visit
13.3 Star Birth
Conclusion

Chapter 14     The Lives and Deaths of Low-Mass Stars
14.1 Brown Dwarfs
14.2 Stellar Maturity
14.3 Star Death
14.4 Very Low Mass Stars (<0.4M)
14.5 Beyond the Very Loss Mass Stars: The Red Giant Stage
14.6 Moderately Low Mass Stars (0.4 - 4M)
14.7 White Dwarfs
14.8 Type I Supernovae
Conclusion

Chapter 15     The Death of Massive Stars
15.1 Moderately Massive and Very Massive Stars (> 4M)
15.2 Type II Supernovae
15.3 SN1987A
15.4 Neutron Stars
15.5 The Lighthouse Model of Neutron Stars/Pulsars
15.6 Moderately Massive Stars-Conclusion
15.7 General Relativity
15.8 The Fate of Very Massive Stars
15.9 Our Relatives-The Stars
Conclusion

Chapter 16     The Milky Way Galaxy
16.1 Our Galaxy
16.2 Components of the Galaxy
16.3 The Spiral Arms
16.4 Spiral-Arm Theories
16.5 The Galactic Nucleus
16.6 The Evolution of the Galaxy
Conclusion

Chapter 17     A Diversity of Galaxies
17.1 The Hubble Classification
17.2 Measuring Galaxies
17.3 The Masses of Galaxies
17.4 The Origin of Galactic Types
17.5 Active Galaxies
17.6 The Nature of Active Galactic Nuclei
Conclusion

Chapter 18     Cosmology: The Nature of the Universe
18.1 The Search for Centers and Edges
18.2 The Expanding Universe
18.3 Cosmological Assumptions
18.4 The Big Bang
18.5 The Future: Will Expansion Stop?
18.6 The Inflationary Universe
18.7 The Grand Scale Structure of the Universe
Conclusion

Chapter 19. The Quest for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
19.1 Radio Searches and SETI
19.2 Communication With Extraterrestrial Intelligence
19.3 Letters to Extraterrestrials
19.4 The Origin of Life
19.5 The Drake Equation
19.6 Where Is Everybody?
Conclusion

Appendix A Units and Constants
Appendix B Solar Data
Appendix C Planetary Data
Appendix D Planetary Satellites
Appendix E The Brightest Stars
Appendix F The Nearest Stars
Appendix G The Constellations
Appendix H Answers to Selected Questions, Calculations, and Try One Yourself Exercises
Gloassary