Chapter 1: The Making of a Whiplash Culture
Key Points
Introduction
Cultural Observations
Singapore versus Australia
New Zealand versus Australia
Australia, Then and Now
United Kingdom—Social Copying
Greece
Germany
Lithuania
Chronic Whiplash – Epidemicus and Incognitus

Chapter 2: Railway Spine
Key Points
Introduction
“Discovery” of Railway Spine
Theories about Railway Spine
From Railway Spine to Whiplash – the Recycling of Nervous Irritation
Summary

Chapter 3: Traumatic Neurosis
Key Points
Solving Railway Spine
Summary

Chapter 4: The Medical History of Whiplash
Key Points
Introduction
Theories
Summary

Chapter 5: Chronic Neck Pain
Key Points
Facts
The Acute Whiplash Injury
Radiology of Whiplash
• Whiplash and the Straight Spine
• Whiplash and Disc Degeneration
• Myelograms, Bone Scans, and Discograms
• MRI Studies of Whiplash Patients
• Summary
Chronic Whiplash—Chronic Damage to the Joints?
Posture, Muscle Dysfunction and Chronic Neck/Back Pain
Summary
Whiplash Experiments
• Introduction
• Measurements in Whiplash Experiments
• Delta V
• Delta V and Impact Direction
• Delta V, Vehicle Size, and Striking Velocity
• Head Acceleration
• The Hare, the Monkey, and Their Dummy Friends
• Human Whiplash Experiments

Chapter 6: Temporomandibular Disorders and Whiplash
Key Points
Controversy
Theories Abound
TMJ Experiments
TMJ Radiology
• Neck Pain as a Cause of Jaw Pain
Psychological Factors and Symptoms
• Mechanisms
Summary

Chapter 7: Whiplash on My Mind
Key Points
Introduction
Disturbances of Balance and Hearing
• Balance Tests
• Hearing Tests
• Probable Sources of These Symptoms
• Summary
Disturbance of Vision 
• Probable Sources of These Symptoms
Disturbance of Cognition
• Electroencephalograms (EEGs)
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Other Brain Scans
• Whiplash Experiments
• Probable Causes of Cognitive Symptoms
• Diagnosing Brain Injury
Headache
Limb Pain and Numbness
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
The Sensitivity of Whiplash
Summary

Chapter 8: The Psychology of Whiplash
Key Points

Chapter 9: Psychocultural Illness (Model 1)
Key points
Introduction
Psychosocial Profile
• Contribution of Personality Traits
Symptom Expectation, Amplification, and Attribution
• Symptom Expectation
• Symptom Amplification
• Symptom Attribution
• Summary
The Treatment Industry
Litigation, Compensation, and Insurance Companies
• Lawyers
• Insurance Companies
Summary

Chapter 10: Somatization and Adoption of the Sick Role
Key Points
Introduction
Illness and Disease
Sick Role and Illness Behavior
• Secondary Gain
• Economy of Secondary Gain
• Somatization
• Mechanism of Adoption of the Sick Role
• Diagnosis of Somatization and Adoption of the Sick Role
• Illness Behavior as a Choice
• Other Labels for Adoption of the Sick Role
• Summary
• Adoption of the Sick Role - Historic Observations
• Observations
Fibromyalgia and Motor Vehicle Collisions
• First Consideration
• Second Consideration
Differential Diagnosis
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
• Conversion Disorder
References

Chapter 11: Causation by Way of the Collision
Key Points
Introduction
Thin Skull (or Eggshell Skull) Rule
• Psychocultural Illness
• Adoption of the Sick Role
Thin Skull Rule
Convenient Focus

Chapter 12: Treatment, Assessment, and Prognosis
Key Points
Introduction
History
• Did a Physical Injury Occur?
• Timing of Symptoms
• Gathering Prognostic Factors
• Life Stressors
• Coping Styles
• Non-Organic Features
Physical Examination
• Lack of Objectivity in Most Cases
• Looking for Specific Signs
• Non-Organic Findings
Radiological Assessment
Any Other Investigations?
Malingering
• Detection of Malingering
• Malingering of Pain
• Malingering Cognitive Dysfunction
• Malingering Psychological (Mental) Disorder
• Summary
Treatment
• Evidence-Based Medicine
• Passive Versus Active Therapy
• Prolotherapy
• Facet Joint Injections and Radiofrequency Neurotomy
• Drugs
• Active Therapy Works
• Physician Resistance to Chronic Whiplash
• The Optimal Whiplash Prescription
• Treating Chronic Pain
• Summary

Chapter 13: Annotated Bibliography—Alphabetically by First Author
Introduction
Methodologic Critique: Part I - Research Articles.
• Summary
• Introduction
• Methods
• Results
References
Methodologic Critique: Part II. Reviews, Editorials, and Letters
• Summary
• Introduction
• Methods
• Results
References
Annotated Bibliography

Chapter 14: Literature Review by Topic
Introduction
Whiplash Cultures
Railway Spine and Nervous Irritation
Traumatic Neurosis
Whiplash—General
Theories of Injury Mechanism in Whiplash
Whiplash and Postural Problems
Whiplash and X-rays, Disc Degeneration
Whiplash and Discography
Whiplash and Bone Scans
Whiplash and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Whiplash and Computed Tomography
Whiplash and Thermography
Whiplash Experiments—Animal
Whiplash Experiments—Dummy/Computer Models
Whiplash Experiments—Human Cadaver
Whiplash Experiments—Volunteer
Whiplash Experiments—Low Velocity Collisions
Whiplash and the Temporomandibular Joint
Whiplash and Balance/Dizziness/Vertigo
Whiplash and the Ear
Whiplash and the Eye
Whiplash and Brain Injury
Whiplash and Headache
Whiplash and Thoracic Outlet Syndrome/Limb Numbness
Whiplash and Electronystagmography or Electromyography
Whiplash and SPECT or PET Scans (Brain Imaging)
Whiplash and Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials
Whiplash and Electroencephalography (EEG)
Whiplash and Head Restraints
Whiplash and Seat Belts/Seats
Psychology of Whiplash—General
Symptom Expectation
Symptom Amplification
Symptom Attribution
Psychology of Whiplash—Effects of Psychosocial Profile
Psychology of Whiplash—Effects of Insurance Battles, Litigation, and Compensation
Psychology of Whiplash—Effects of the Patient–Physician/Therapist Relationship
Illness Behavior and Adoption of the Sick Role
Whiplash and Fibromyalgia
Assessment
Treatment
Prognosis

Chapter 15: Anatomy and Function of the Neck
Introduction
Vertebrae
Intervertebral Discs
Facet joints
Ligaments
Muscles
Spinal Cord and Nerves
Blood Supply
Brachial Plexus and Thoracic Outlet
Neck Movements
Temporomandibular Joint
References

Chapter 16: Diagnostic Tests
Introduction
Normal and Abnormal Test Results
• Statistics of Being Normal
• Causal Relationship
• Summary
Radiologic Tests
• X-rays
• Discography
• Bone Scans
• Myelography
• Computed Tomography
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Temporomandibular Joint Imaging
• Summary
Neurologic Tests
• Electroencephalography
• Brainstem Auditory Evoked Responses
• Electronystagmography
• Electromyography
• Nerve Conduction Studies
• Summary

Chapter 17: Dispelling the Myths—Issues for Cross-Examination

Chapter 18: Whiplash Timelines
Historic timelines
Radiologic timelines
Neurologic timeline
Timeline of experiments

Chapter 19: In Search of the Whiplash Injury

Chapter 20: Whiplash Experiments
Introduction
Accelerations and Forces
Summary of Whiplash Experiments

Chapter 21: A Closer Look at a Very Low-Velocity Impacts
Mistaking Subsequence For Consequence
The Role of Very Low-Velocity Studies
Whiplash Loading in Low-Velocity Impacts
Low-Velocity Studies and the Whip's Lash

Chapter 22: Head Restraints, Seat Belts, and Whiplash
Head Restraints
Seat Belts

Chapter 23: Control of Illness Behavior
Introduction
States of Consciousness
• Conscious State
• Unconscious State
• Preconscious State
• Subconscious State
• Summary
Secondary Gain
Economy of Secondary Gain
Enacting of Motivations and Automaticity
Control of Goal-Oriented Behavior
Goal-Dependent Automaticity
Summary
Conclusion
References

Chapter 24: Tertiary Gain
Introduction
Tertiary Gain
Economy of Tertiary Gain
Pursuit of Tertiary Gain
Interaction of Secondary and Tertiary Gain Pursuit
Conclusion

Glossary
Index